Venomous mollusks: the risks of human accidents by conus snails (gastropoda: conidae) in Brazil.

Mollusks of the genus Conus present a venomous apparatus composed of radulae, a chitin structure linked to glands, which injects potent neurotoxic peptides, causing serious human envenomation and even death, associated with the blockage of certain receptors and muscular paralysis. No reported envenomation has occurred in Brazil, but certain populations are at risk of accidents.

Marine envenomations. Part 2--Other marine envenomations.

BACKGROUND: Australian waters contain a variety of venomous creatures, including jellyfish, stinging fish, blue-ringed octopus, sea snakes, cone snails and stingrays. OBJECTIVE: Part 2 of this article focusses on common marine envenomations other than jellyfish stings. DISCUSSION: Even though mortality from these envenomations is low, there is a high level of morbidity especially with stonefish and other stinging fish envenomations. Some envenomations, however, are serious enough to require antivenom treatment and deaths still occasionally occur.